Garden Angelica

Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Apiales
Family:
Apiaceae
Genus:
Angelica
Species:
A. archangelica
Binomial name
Angelica archangelicaL.[1]

Garden Angelica (Angelica archangelica; syn. Archangelica officinalis Hoffm., Archangelica officinalis var. himalaica C.B.Clarke) is a biennial plant from the umbelliferous family Apiaceae. Alternative English names are Holy Ghost, Wild Celery, and Norwegian angelica
During its first year it only grows leaves, but during its second year its fluted stem can reach a height of two meters (or six feet). Its leaves are composed of numerous small leaflets, divided into three principal groups, each of which is again subdivided into three lesser groups. The edges of the leaflets are finely toothed or serrated. The flowers, which blossom in July, are small and numerous, yellowish or greenish in colour, are grouped into large, globular umbels, which bear pale yellow, oblong fruits. Angelica only grows in damp soil, preferably near rivers or deposits of water. Not to be confused with the toxic Pastinaca sativa, or Wild Parsnip.
Angelica archangelica grows wild in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Greenland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland, mostly in the northern parts of the countries. It is cultivated in France, mainly in the Marais Poitevin, a marsh region close to Niort in the départment Deux-Sèvres.
Contents[hide]
1 Usage/History
2 Etymology
3 References
4 External links
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[edit] Usage/History
From the 10th century on, angelica was cultivated as a vegetable and medicinal plant, and achieved great popularity in Scandinavia in the 12th century and is still used today, especially in Sami culture. A flute-like instrument with a clarinet-like sound can be made of its hollow stem, probably as a toy for children. Linnaeus reported that Sami peoples used it in reindeer milk, as it is often used as a flavoring agent.
In 1602, angelica was introduced in Niort, which had just been ravaged by the plague, and it has been popular there ever since. It is used to flavour liqueurs or aquavits (e.g. Chartreuse, Bénédictine, Vermouth and Dubonnet), omelettes and trout, and as jam. The long bright green stems are also candied and used as decoration.
Angelica is unique amongst the Umbelliferae for its pervading aromatic odour, a pleasant perfume entirely different from Fennel, Parsley, Anise, Caraway or Chervil. One old writer compares it to Musk, others liken it to Juniper. Even the roots are fragrant, and form one of the principal aromatics of European growth - the other parts of the plant have the same flavour, but their active principles are considered more perishable.
Angelica contains a variety of chemicals which have been shown to have medicinal properties. Chewing on angelica or drinking tea brewed from it will cause local anesthesia, but it will heighten the consumer's immune system. It has been shown to be effective against various bacteria, fungal infections and even viral infections.[citation needed]
The essential oil of the roots of Angelica archangelica contains β-terebangelene, C10H16, and other terpenes; the oil of the seeds also contains β-terebangelene, together with methylethylacetic acid and hydroxymyristic acid.
Angelica seeds and angelica roots are sometimes used in making absinthe.
A seeds of a Persian spice plant known as Golpar (Heracleum persicum) are often erroneously labeled as "angelica seeds." True angelica seeds are rarely available from spice dealers.

[edit] Etymology
Archangelica comes from the Greek word "arkhangelos" (=arch-angel), due to the myth that it was the angel Gabriel who told of its use as medicine.
In Finnish it is called väinönputki, in Sami fádnu, boska and rássi, in English garden angelica, in German arznei-engelwurz, in Dutch grote engelwortel, in Persian gol-par, in Swedish kvanne, in Norwegian kvann, in Danish kvan and in Icelandic it has the name hvönn.

[edit] References
^ "Angelica archangelica information from NPGS/GRIN". www.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
Blanchan, Neltje (2005). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.

[edit] External links
eFloras: Angelica archangelica
Candied Angelica Archangelica Stems Pie - step-by-step illustrated recipe in English
Angelica archangelica List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Angelica archangelica
[hide]
v • d • eHerbs and spices
[show]
Herbs
Angelica • Basil • Basil, holy • Basil, Thai • Bay leaf • Boldo • Bolivian Coriander • Borage • Chervil • Chives • Cicely • Coriander leaf (cilantro) • Cress • Curry leaf • Dill • Elsholtzia ciliata • Epazote • Eryngium foetidum (long coriander) • Hemp • Hoja santa • Houttuynia cordata (giấp cá) • Hyssop • Lavender • Lemon balm • Lemon grass • Lemon verbena • Limnophila aromatica (rice paddy herb) • Lovage • Marjoram • Mint • Mitsuba • Oregano • Parsley • Perilla (shiso) • Rosemary • Rue • Sage • Savory • Sorrel • Tarragon • Thyme • Vietnamese coriander (rau răm) • Woodruff
[show]
Spices
Ajwain (bishop's weed) • Aleppo pepper • Allspice • Amchur (mango powder) • Anise • Aromatic ginger • Asafoetida • Camphor • Caraway • Cardamom • Cardamom, black • Cassia • Cayenne pepper • Celery seed • Chenpi • Chili • Cinnamon • Clove • Coriander seed • Cubeb • Cumin • Cumin, black • Dill & dill seed • Fennel • Fenugreek • Fingerroot (krachai) • Galangal, greater • Galangal, lesser • Garlic • Ginger • Golpar • Grains of Paradise • Grains of Selim • Horseradish • Juniper berry • Liquorice • Mace • Mahlab • Malabathrum (tejpat) • Mustard, black • Mustard, brown • Mustard, white • Nigella (kalonji) • Nutmeg • Paprika • Peppercorn (black, green & white) • Pepper, long • Pepper, Brazilian • Pepper, Peruvian • Pomegranate seed (anardana) • Poppy seed • Saffron • Sarsaparilla • Sassafras • Sesame • Sichuan pepper (huājiāo, sansho) • Star anise • Sumac • Tasmanian pepper • Tamarind • Tonka bean • Turmeric • Vanilla • Wasabi • Zedoary • Zest
[show]
Herb and spice mixtures
Adjika • Advieh • Afghan spice rub • Baharat • Berbere • Bouquet garni • Buknu • Chaat masala • Chaunk • Chili powder • Crab boil • Curry powder • Fines herbes • Five-spice powder • Garam masala • Garlic salt • Harissa • Herbes de Provence • Jerk spice • Khmeli suneli • Lemon pepper • Masala • Mitmita • Mixed spice • Old Bay Seasoning • Panch phoron • Persillade • Pumpkin pie spice • Qâlat Daqqa • Quatre épices • Ras el hanout • Recado rojo • Sharena sol • Shichimi • Tabil • Tandoori masala • Za'atar
[show]
Lists of herbs and spices
List of Australian herbs and spices • Chinese herbs • List of Indian spices • List of culinary herbs and spices
[show]
Related topics
Marinating • Spice rub
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_Angelica"
Categories: Apiaceae Edible Apiaceae Absinthe Flora of Nepal Medicinal plants Flora of Greenland

List Of Birds Of Nepal

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Nepal. The avifauna of Nepal includes a total of 900 species, of which 2 are endemic, 1 has been introduced by humans, and 74 are rare or accidental. 32 species are globally threatened.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of Clements's 5th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Nepal.
The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. It must be noted that not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring, native species.
(A) Accidental A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Nepal.
(E) Endemic A species endemic to Nepal.
(I) Introduced A species introduced to Nepal as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.
Table of contents
Non-passerines: Grebes . Pelicans . Cormorants . Darters . Bitterns, Herons and Egrets . Storks . Ibises and Spoonbills . Flamingos . Ducks, Geese and Swans . Osprey . Hawks, Kites and Eagles . Caracaras and Falcons . Pheasants and Partridges . Buttonquails . Cranes . Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots . Bustards . Jacanas . Painted snipe . Oystercatchers . Ibisbill . Avocets and Stilts . Thick-knees . Pratincoles and Coursers . Plovers and Lapwings . Sandpipers and allies . Gulls . Terns . Skimmers . Sandgrouse . Pigeons and Doves . Parrots, Macaws and allies . Cuckoos and Anis . Barn owls . Typical owls . Nightjars . Swifts . Treeswifts . Trogons and Quetzals . Kingfishers . Bee-eaters . Typical Rollers . Hoopoes . Hornbills . Barbets . Honeyguides . Woodpeckers and allies .
Passerines: Broadbills . Pittas . Larks . Swallows and Martins . Wagtails and Pipits . Cuckoo-shrikes . Bulbuls . Kinglets . Leafbirds . Ioras . Waxwings . Dippers . Wrens . Accentors . Thrushes and allies . Cisticolas and allies . Old World warblers . Old World flycatchers . Fantails . Monarch flycatchers . Babblers . Parrotbills . Long-tailed tits . Chickadees and Titmice . Nuthatches . Wallcreeper . Treecreepers . Penduline tits . Sunbirds and Spiderhunters . Flowerpeckers . White-eyes . Old World Orioles . Fairy-bluebirds . Shrikes . Helmetshrikes . Drongos . Woodswallows . Crows, Jays, Ravens and Magpies . Starlings . Weavers and allies . Waxbills and allies . Buntings, Sparrows, Seedeaters and allies . Siskins, Crossbills and allies . Sparrows .
See also References

[edit] Grebes
Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large sized freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus
Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis

[edit] Pelicans
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus (A)
Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis

[edit] Cormorants
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. There are 38 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo
Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger

[edit] Darters
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Anhingidae
Darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Darter Anhinga melanogaster

[edit] Bitterns, Herons and Egrets
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 16 species which occur in Nepal.
Gray Heron Ardea cinerea
White-bellied Heron Ardea insignis
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea
Great Egret Ardea alba
Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia
White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae
Little Egret Egretta garzetta
Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Striated Heron Butorides striata
Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
Malayan Night-Heron Gorsachius melanolophus (A)
Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis
Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis
Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris

[edit] Storks
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute; bill-clattering is an important mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are 19 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Nepal.
Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala
Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans
Black Stork Ciconia nigra
Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus
White Stork Ciconia ciconia
Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus
Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius

[edit] Ibises and Spoonbills
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Threskiornithidae
The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus
Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa
Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus (A)
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia

[edit] Flamingos
Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet high, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. They are more numerous in the latter. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume, and are uniquely used upside-down. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus (A)

[edit] Ducks, Geese and Swans
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 34 species which occur in Nepal.
Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor (A)
Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus (A)
Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus (A)
Bean Goose Anser fabalis
Greylag Goose Anser anser
Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus
Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea
Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
Cotton Pygmy-goose Nettapus coromandelianus
Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata
Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope
Falcated Duck Anas falcata
Gadwall Anas strepera
Baikal Teal Anas formosa
Eurasian Teal Anas crecca
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos
Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha
Northern Pintail Anas acuta
Garganey Anas querquedula
Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata
Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina
Common Pochard Aythya ferina
Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca
Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri (A)
Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula
Greater Scaup Aythya marila
Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus
Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis (A)
Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula
Smew Mergellus albellus (A)
Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator (A)
Common Merganser Mergus merganser

[edit] Osprey
Order: Falconiformes Family: Pandionidae
The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the Osprey. The Osprey is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Osprey Pandion haliaetus

[edit] Hawks, Kites and Eagles
Order: Falconiformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide and 50 species which occur in Nepal.
Jerdon's Baza Aviceda jerdoni (A)
Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes
Oriental Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus
Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus
Red Kite Milvus milvus
Black Kite Milvus migrans
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
Pallas's Fish-Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus
White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla
Lesser Fish-Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis
Gray-headed Fish-Eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus
Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus
White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis
Indian Vulture Gyps indicus
Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris
Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis
Eurasian Griffon Gyps fulvus
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus
Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus
Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus
Crested Serpent-Eagle Spilornis cheela
Western Marsh-Harrier Circus aeruginosus
Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus
Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus
Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos
Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus
Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus
Shikra Accipiter badius
Besra Accipiter virgatus
Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus
Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis
White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa
Eurasian Buzzard Buteo buteo
Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus
Upland Buzzard Buteo hemilasius
Black Eagle Ictinaetus malayensis
Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina
Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata
Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga
Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax
Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis
Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciatus
Booted Eagle Aquila pennatus
Rufous-bellied Eagle Aquila kienerii
Changeable Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus
Flores Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus floris
Mountain Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus nipalensis

[edit] Caracaras and Falcons
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Nepal.
Collared Falconet Microhierax caerulescens
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni
Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera
Amur Falcon Falco amurensis
Merlin Falco columbarius
Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo
Oriental Hobby Falco severus
Laggar Falcon Falco jugger
Saker Falcon Falco cherrug
Barbary Falcon Falco pelegrinoides
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

[edit] Pheasants and Partridges
Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they may vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species worldwide and 24 species which occur in Nepal.
Snow Partridge Lerwa lerwa
Tibetan Snowcock Tetraogallus tibetanus
Himalayan Snowcock Tetraogallus himalayensis
Chukar Alectoris chukar
Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus
Gray Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus
Swamp Francolin Francolinus gularis
Tibetan Partridge Perdix hodgsoniae
Common Quail Coturnix coturnix
Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica (A)
Blue-breasted Quail Coturnix chinensis
Jungle Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica (A)
Hill Partridge Arborophila torqueola
Rufous-throated Partridge Arborophila rufogularis
Red Spurfowl Galloperdix spadicea
Blood Pheasant Ithaginis cruentus
Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus
Satyr Tragopan Tragopan satyra
Koklass Pheasant Pucrasia macrolopha
Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelanos
Cheer Pheasant Catreus wallichi
Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus

[edit] Buttonquails
Order: Gruiformes Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails.The female is the brighter of the sexes, and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. There are 16 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvatica
Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki
Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator

[edit] Cranes
Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo
Sarus Crane Grus antigone
Common Crane Grus grus
Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis (A)

[edit] Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots
Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 13 species which occur in Nepal.
Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides
Slaty-breasted Rail Gallirallus striatus (A)
Water Rail Rallus aquaticus (A)
Brown Crake Amaurornis akool
White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus
Black-tailed Crake Amaurornis bicolor (A)
Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla
Spotted Crake Porzana porzana
Ruddy-breasted Crake Porzana fusca
Watercock Gallicrex cinerea
Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio
Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra

[edit] Bustards
Order: Gruiformes Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips, and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. There are 26 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (A)
Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis
Lesser Florican Sypheotides indica

[edit] Jacanas
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found worldwide in the Tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus

[edit] Painted snipe
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae
Painted snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis

[edit] Oystercatchers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. There are 11 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus (A)

[edit] Ibisbill
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Ibidorhynchidae
The Ibisbill is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family. The adult is grey with a white belly, red legs and long down curved bill, and a black face and black breast band.
Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii

[edit] Avocets and Stilts
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and the stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta

[edit] Thick-knees
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus
Great Thick-knee Burhinus recurvirostris

[edit] Pratincoles and Coursers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. There are 17 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Indian Courser Cursorius coromandelicus
Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola (A)
Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum
Small Pratincole Glareola lactea

[edit] Plovers and Lapwings
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions. There are 66 species worldwide and 13 species which occur in Nepal.
Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus
River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii
Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus
Gray-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus
Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus
White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus
Pacific Golden-Plover Pluvialis fulva
Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola (A)
Long-billed Plover Charadrius placidus
Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius
Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus
Lesser Sandplover Charadrius mongolus
Greater Sandplover Charadrius leschenaultii (A)

[edit] Sandpipers and allies
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
The Scolopacidae are a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enable different species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 89 species worldwide and 27 species which occur in Nepal.
Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola
Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus
Solitary Snipe Gallinago solitaria
Wood Snipe Gallinago nemoricola
Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura
Swinhoe's Snipe Gallinago megala
Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata
Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus
Common Redshank Tringa totanus
Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis
Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia
Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus
Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola
Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres (A)
Sanderling Calidris alba (A)
Little Stint Calidris minuta
Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii
Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta (A)
Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea
Dunlin Calidris alpina
Ruff Philomachus pugnax
Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus (A)

[edit] Gulls
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large birds seabirds and includes gulls and kittiwakes. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. There are 55 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Nepal.
Mew Gull Larus canus (A)
Herring Gull Larus argentatus (A)
Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus (A)
Heuglin's Gull Larus heuglini (A)
Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans (A)
Great Black-headed Gull Larus ichthyaetus
Brown-headed Gull Larus brunnicephalus
Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus
Slender-billed Gull Larus genei

[edit] Terns
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Sternidae
Terns are a group of generally general medium to large sea-birds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in excess of 25 to 30 years. There are 44 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Nepal.
Gull-billed Tern Sterna nilotica
Caspian Tern Sterna caspia
River Tern Sterna aurantia
Common Tern Sterna hirundo
Little Tern Sterna albifrons
Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus
White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus

[edit] Skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rynchopidae
Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish. There are 3 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Indian Skimmer Rynchops albicollis

[edit] Sandgrouse
Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. There are 16 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus
Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis
Painted Sandgrouse Pterocles indicus

[edit] Pigeons and Doves
Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species worldwide and 21 species which occur in Nepal.
Rock Pigeon Columba livia
Hill Pigeon Columba rupestris
Snow Pigeon Columba leuconota
Common Wood-Pigeon Columba palumbus (A)
Speckled Wood-Pigeon Columba hodgsonii
Ashy Wood-Pigeon Columba pulchricollis
Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia orientalis
Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto
Red Collared-Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica
Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis
Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis
Barred Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia unchall
Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica
Orange-breasted Pigeon Treron bicincta
Pompadour Green-Pigeon Treron pompadora
Thick-billed Pigeon Treron curvirostra
Yellow-footed Pigeon Treron phoenicoptera
Pin-tailed Pigeon Treron apicauda
Wedge-tailed Pigeon Treron sphenura
Green Imperial-Pigeon Ducula aenea
Mountain Imperial-Pigeon Ducula badia

[edit] Parrots, Macaws and allies
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak shape. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and the have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two back. There are 335 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Nepal.
Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria
Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri (I)
Slaty-headed Parakeet Psittacula himalayana
Gray-headed Parakeet Psittacula finschii
Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala
Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula roseata
Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri
Vernal Hanging-Parrot Loriculus vernalis

[edit] Cuckoos and Anis
Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Unlike the cuckoo species of the Old World, North American cuckoos are not brood parasites. There are 138 species worldwide and 20 species which occur in Nepal.
Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus
Large Hawk-Cuckoo Cuculus sparverioides
Common Hawk-Cuckoo Cuculus varius
Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo Cuculus nisicolor
Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus
Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus
Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus
Horsfield's Cuckoo Cuculus horsfieldi
Lesser Cuckoo Cuculus poliocephalus
Banded Bay Cuckoo Cacomantis sonneratii
Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus
Asian Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx maculatus
Asian Drongo-Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris
Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea
Green-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus tristis
Sirkeer Malkoha Phaenicophaeus leschenaultii
Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis
Madagascar Coucal Centropus toulou
Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis

[edit] Barn owls
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Australasian Grass-Owl Tyto longimembris
Barn Owl Tyto alba
Oriental Bay-Owl Phodilus badius

[edit] Typical owls
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. There are 195 species worldwide and 21 species which occur in Nepal.
Mountain Scops-Owl Otus spilocephalus
Indian Scops-Owl Otus bakkamoena
Collared Scops-Owl Otus lettia
European Scops-Owl Otus scops
Oriental Scops-Owl Otus sunia
Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo
Rock Eagle-Owl Bubo bengalensis
Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl Bubo nipalensis
Dusky Eagle-Owl Bubo coromandus
Brown Fish-Owl Ketupa zeylonensis
Tawny Fish-Owl Ketupa flavipes
Brown Wood-Owl Strix leptogrammica
Tawny Owl Strix aluco
Collared Owlet Glaucidium brodiei
Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides
Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum
Spotted Owlet Athene brama
Little Owl Athene noctua
Brown Hawk-Owl Ninox scutulata
Long-eared Owl Asio otus (A)
Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus

[edit] Nightjars
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds with long wings, short legs and very short bills that usually nest on the ground. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. There are 86 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Gray Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus
Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus
Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus
Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis

[edit] Swifts
Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small aerial birds, spending the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings that resemble a crescent or a boomerang. There are 98 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Nepal.
Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris
White-rumped Needletail Zoonavena sylvatica
White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus
Silver-backed Needletail Hirundapus cochinchinensis
Asian Palm-Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis
Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba
Common Swift Apus apus
Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus
Dark-rumped Swift Apus acuticauda (A)
Little Swift Apus affinis
House Swift Apus nipalensis

[edit] Treeswifts
Order: Apodiformes Family: Hemiprocnidae
The treeswifts or crested swifts are aerial near passerine birds, closely related to the true swifts. They differ from the other swifts in that they have crests, long forked tails and softer plumage. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Crested Treeswift Hemiprocne coronata

[edit] Trogons and Quetzals
Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. There are 33 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Red-headed Trogon Harpactes erythrocephalus

[edit] Kingfishers
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. There are 93 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in Nepal.
Blyth's Kingfisher Alcedo hercules (A)
Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis
Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting
Black-backed Kingfisher Ceyx erithacus (A)
Stork-billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis
Ruddy Kingfisher Halcyon coromanda
White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis
Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata (A)
Crested Kingfisher Megaceryle lugubris
Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis

[edit] Bee-eaters
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. There are 26 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Blue-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis athertoni
Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis
Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus
Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti

[edit] Typical Rollers
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. There are 12 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis
Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis

[edit] Hoopoes
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Hoopoe Upupa epops

[edit] Hornbills
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Bucerotidae
Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured. There are 57 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Nepal.
Indian Gray Hornbill Ocyceros birostris
Malabar Pied-Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus
Oriental Pied-Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris
Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis
Rufous-necked Hornbill Aceros nipalensis

[edit] Barbets
Order: Piciformes Family: Capitonidae
The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured. There are 84 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Nepal.
Great Barbet Megalaima virens
Brown-headed Barbet Megalaima zeylanica
Lineated Barbet Megalaima lineata
Golden-throated Barbet Megalaima franklinii
Blue-throated Barbet Megalaima asiatica
Blue-eared Barbet Megalaima australis
Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala

[edit] Honeyguides
Order: Piciformes Family: Indicatoridae
Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the behaviour of the Greater Honeyguide which leads large animals to bees' nests and then feeds on the wax once the animal has broken the nest open to get at the honey. There are 17 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Yellow-rumped Honeyguide Indicator xanthonotus

[edit] Woodpeckers and allies
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium sized birds with chisel like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward, and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. There are 218 species worldwide and 25 species which occur in Nepal.
Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla
Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus
White-browed Piculet Sasia ochracea
Brown-capped Woodpecker Dendrocopos moluccensis
Gray-capped Woodpecker Dendrocopos canicapillus
Brown-fronted Woodpecker Dendrocopos auriceps
Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker Dendrocopos macei
Yellow-crowned Woodpecker Dendrocopos mahrattensis
Rufous-bellied Woodpecker Dendrocopos hyperythrus
Darjeeling Woodpecker Dendrocopos darjellensis
Crimson-breasted Woodpecker Dendrocopos cathpharius
Himalayan Woodpecker Dendrocopos himalayensis
Rufous Woodpecker Celeus brachyurus
Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus
Greater Yellownape Picus flavinucha
Streak-throated Woodpecker Picus xanthopygaeus
Scaly-bellied Woodpecker Picus squamatus
Gray-faced Woodpecker Picus canus
Himalayan Flameback Dinopium shorii
Black-rumped Flameback Dinopium benghalense
White-naped Woodpecker Chrysocolaptes festivus
Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus
Pale-headed Woodpecker Gecinulus grantia
Bay Woodpecker Blythipicus pyrrhotis
Great Slaty Woodpecker Mulleripicus pulverulentus

[edit] Broadbills
Order: Passeriformes Family: Eurylaimidae
The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds that feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. There are 15 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Long-tailed Broadbill Psarisomus dalhousiae
Silver-breasted Broadbill Serilophus lunatus

[edit] Pittas
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pittidae
Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards, and stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many, but not all, are brightly coloured. They are spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrate prey which they find there. There are 32 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Blue-naped Pitta Pitta nipalensis
Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida
Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura

[edit] Larks
Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. There are 91 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in Nepal.
Singing Bushlark Mirafra cantillans (A)
Bengal Bushlark Mirafra assamica
Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix grisea
Tibetan Lark Melanocorypha maxima
Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla
Hume's Lark Calandrella acutirostris
Sand Lark Calandrella raytal
Crested Lark Galerida cristata
Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula
Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris

[edit] Swallows and Martins
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Nepal.
Bank Swallow Riparia riparia
Pale Sand Martin Riparia diluta
Plain Martin Riparia paludicola
Eurasian Crag-Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii
Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica
Streak-throated Swallow Petrochelidon fluvicola
Common House-Martin Delichon urbica (A)
Asian Martin Delichon dasypus
Nepal Martin Delichon nipalensis

[edit] Wagtails and Pipits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide and 18 species which occur in Nepal.
Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus (A)
White Wagtail Motacilla alba
Black-backed Wagtail Motacilla lugens
White-browed Wagtail Motacilla madaraspatensis
Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola
Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava (A)
Gray Wagtail Motacilla cinerea
Oriental Pipit Anthus rufulus
Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris (A)
Blyth's Pipit Anthus godlewskii
Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis
Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis
Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni
Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus
Rosy Pipit Anthus roseatus
Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta
Upland Pipit Anthus sylvanus
American Pipit Anthus rubescens

[edit] Cuckoo-shrikes
Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae
The cuckoo-shrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured. There are 82 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in Nepal.
Large Cuckoo-shrike Coracina macei
Black-winged Cuckoo-shrike Coracina melaschistos
Black-headed Cuckoo-shrike Coracina melanoptera
Rosy Minivet Pericrocotus roseus
Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
Long-tailed Minivet Pericrocotus ethologus
Short-billed Minivet Pericrocotus brevirostris
Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus
Gray-chinned Minivet Pericrocotus solaris
Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike Hemipus picatus

[edit] Bulbuls
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throat or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.There are 130 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in Nepal.
Striated Bulbul Pycnonotus striatus
Black-crested Bulbul Pycnonotus melanicterus
Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus
White-cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys
Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
White-throated Bulbul Alophoixus flaveolus
Olive Bulbul Iole virescens
Ashy Bulbul Hemixos flavala
Mountain Bulbul Ixos mcclellandii
Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus

[edit] Kinglets
Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets or crests are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice. There are 7 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Goldcrest Regulus regulus

[edit] Leafbirds
Order: Passeriformes Family: Chloropseidae
The Leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows. There are 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Golden-fronted Leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons
Orange-bellied Leafbird Chloropsis hardwickii

[edit] Ioras
Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithinidae
The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in coloration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Common Iora Aegithina tiphia

[edit] Waxwings
Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of passerine birds characterized by soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and Cedar Waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax, and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. There are 3 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus (A)

[edit] Dippers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. There are 5 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus
Brown Dipper Cinclus pallasii

[edit] Wrens
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and a thin down-turned bill. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. There are 80 species worldwide (of which all but one are New World species) and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes

[edit] Accentors
Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows. There are 13 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Nepal.
Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris
Himalayan Accentor Prunella himalayana
Robin Accentor Prunella rubeculoides
Rufous-breasted Accentor Prunella strophiata
Brown Accentor Prunella fulvescens
Black-throated Accentor Prunella atrogularis
Maroon-backed Accentor Prunella immaculata

[edit] Thrushes and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are 335 species worldwide and 24 species which occur in Nepal.
Blue-capped Rock-Thrush Monticola cinclorhynchus
Chestnut-bellied Rock-Thrush Monticola rufiventris
Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius
Blue Whistling-Thrush Myophonus caeruleus
Pied Thrush Zoothera wardii
Orange-headed Thrush Zoothera citrina
Plain-backed Thrush Zoothera mollissima
Long-tailed Thrush Zoothera dixoni
Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma
Long-billed Thrush Zoothera monticola
Dark-sided Thrush Zoothera marginata
Tickell's Thrush Turdus unicolor
White-collared Blackbird Turdus albocinctus
Gray-winged Blackbird Turdus boulboul
Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula (A)
Chestnut Thrush Turdus rubrocanus
White-backed Thrush Turdus kessleri
Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus
Dark-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis
Dusky Thrush Turdus naumanni
Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus
Gould's Shortwing Brachypteryx stellata
Lesser Shortwing Brachypteryx leucophrys
White-browed Shortwing Brachypteryx montana

[edit] Cisticolas and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. There are 111 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Nepal.
Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis
Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis
Striated Prinia Prinia criniger
Hill Prinia Prinia atrogularis
Gray-crowned Prinia Prinia cinereocapilla
Rufescent Prinia Prinia rufescens (A)
Gray-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii
Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis
Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica
Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris
Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis
Plain Prinia Prinia inornata

[edit] Old World warblers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. The Sylviidae mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. There are 291 species worldwide and 63 species which occur in Nepal.
Chestnut-headed Tesia Tesia castaneocoronata
Slaty-bellied Tesia Tesia olivea
Gray-bellied Tesia Tesia cyaniventer
Asian Stubtail Urosphena squameiceps
Pale-footed Bush-Warbler Cettia pallidipes
Brownish-flanked Bush-Warbler Cettia fortipes
Chestnut-crowned Bush-Warbler Cettia major
Aberrant Bush-Warbler Cettia flavolivacea
Yellowish-bellied Bush-Warbler Cettia acanthizoides
Gray-sided Bush-Warbler Cettia brunnifrons
Spotted Bush-Warbler Bradypterus thoracicus
Chinese Bush-Warbler Bradypterus tacsanowskius
Russet Bush-Warbler Bradypterus seebohmi
Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata (A)
Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia (A)
Pallas's Warbler Locustella certhiola (A)
Black-browed Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus bistrigiceps (A)
Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola
Blunt-winged Warbler Acrocephalus concinens (A)
Blyth's Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum
Great Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus
Oriental Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus orientalis (A)
Clamorous Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus
Thick-billed Warbler Acrocephalus aedon
Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata
Mountain Tailorbird Orthotomus cuculatus
Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius
White-browed Tit-Warbler Leptopoecile sophiae
Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita
Mountain Chiffchaff Phylloscopus sindianus
Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus
Smoky Warbler Phylloscopus fuligiventer
Tickell's Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus affinis
Buff-throated Warbler Phylloscopus subaffinis
Sulphur-bellied Warbler Phylloscopus griseolus
Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi (A)
Buff-barred Warbler Phylloscopus pulcher
Ashy-throated Warbler Phylloscopus maculipennis
Lemon-rumped Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus
Pale-rumped Warbler Phylloscopus chloronotus
Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus
Hume's Warbler Phylloscopus humei
Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides
Large-billed Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus magnirostris
Tytler's Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus tytleri (A)
Western Crowned Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus occipitalis
Blyth's Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus reguloides
Yellow-vented Warbler Phylloscopus cantator
Golden-spectacled Warbler Seicercus burkii
Gray-hooded Warbler Seicercus xanthoschistos
White-spectacled Warbler Seicercus affinis
Gray-cheeked Warbler Seicercus poliogenys
Chestnut-crowned Warbler Seicercus castaniceps
Rufous-faced Warbler Abroscopus albogularis
Yellow-bellied Warbler Abroscopus superciliaris
Black-faced Warbler Abroscopus schisticeps
Broad-billed Warbler Tickellia hodgsoni
Striated Grassbird Megalurus palustris
Bristled Grassbird Chaetornis striatus
Rufous-rumped Grassbird Graminicola bengalensis
Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca
Eastern Orphean Warbler Sylvia crassirostris (A)
Whistler's Warbler Seicercus whistleri

[edit] Old World flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is very varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. There 274 species worldwide and 70 species which occur in Nepal.
Siberian Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica
Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica
Rusty-tailed Flycatcher Muscicapa ruficauda
Ferruginous Flycatcher Muscicapa ferruginea
Slaty-backed Flycatcher Ficedula hodgsonii
Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher Ficedula strophiata
Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva
Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla
Kashmir Flycatcher Ficedula subrubra
Snowy-browed Flycatcher Ficedula hyperythra
White-gorgeted Flycatcher Ficedula monileger
Little Pied Flycatcher Ficedula westermanni
Ultramarine Flycatcher Ficedula superciliaris
Slaty-blue Flycatcher Ficedula tricolor
Sapphire Flycatcher Ficedula sapphira
Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassina
Large Niltava Niltava grandis
Small Niltava Niltava macgrigoriae
Rufous-bellied Niltava Niltava sundara
Pale-chinned Blue-Flycatcher Cyornis poliogenys
Pale Blue-Flycatcher Cyornis unicolor
Blue-throated Flycatcher Cyornis rubeculoides
Hill Blue-Flycatcher Cyornis banyumas (A)
Tickell's Blue-Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae
Pygmy Blue-Flycatcher Muscicapella hodgsoni
Gray-headed Canary-flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis
Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia calliope
White-tailed Rubythroat Luscinia pectoralis
Bluethroat Luscinia svecica
Indian Blue Robin Luscinia brunnea
Siberian Blue Robin Luscinia cyane
Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus
Golden Bush-Robin Tarsiger chrysaeus
White-browed Bush-Robin Tarsiger indicus
Rufous-breasted Bush-Robin Tarsiger hyperythrus
Oriental Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis
White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus
Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata
Rufous-backed Redstart Phoenicurus erythronota
Blue-capped Redstart Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros
Hodgson's Redstart Phoenicurus hodgsoni
White-throated Redstart Phoenicurus schisticeps
White-winged Redstart Phoenicurus erythrogaster
Blue-fronted Redstart Phoenicurus frontalis
White-capped Redstart Chaimarrornis leucocephalus
Plumbeous Redstart Rhyacornis fuliginosus
White-bellied Redstart Hodgsonius phaenicuroides
White-tailed Robin Cinclidium leucurum
Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maura
Blue-fronted Robin Cinclidium frontale
Grandala Grandala coelicolor
Little Forktail Enicurus scouleri
Black-backed Forktail Enicurus immaculatus
Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus
Spotted Forktail Enicurus maculatus
Purple Cochoa Cochoa purpurea
Green Cochoa Cochoa viridis
Whinchat Saxicola rubetra
White-throated Bushchat Saxicola insignis
White-tailed Stonechat Saxicola leucura
Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata
Jerdon's Bushchat Saxicola jerdoni (A)
Gray Bushchat Saxicola ferrea
Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe (A)
Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata
Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka
Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti
Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina
Indian Chat Cercomela fusca

[edit] Fantails
Order: Passeriformes Family: Rhipiduridae
The Fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders. There are 44 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Yellow-bellied Fantail Rhipidura hypoxantha
White-throated Fantail Rhipidura albicollis
White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola

[edit] Monarch flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines, which hunt by flycatching. There are 99 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea
Asian Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi

[edit] Babblers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Timaliidae
The babblers or timaliids are somewhat diverse in size and coloration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. There are 270 species worldwide and 73 species which occur in Nepal.
White-throated Laughingthrush Garrulax albogularis
White-crested Laughingthrush Garrulax leucolophus
Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush Garrulax monileger
Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush Garrulax pectoralis
Striated Laughingthrush Garrulax striatus
Rufous-necked Laughingthrush Garrulax ruficollis
Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush Garrulax rufogularis
Spotted Laughingthrush Garrulax ocellatus
Gray-sided Laughingthrush Garrulax caerulatus
Streaked Laughingthrush Garrulax lineatus
Scaly Laughingthrush Garrulax subunicolor
Blue-winged Laughingthrush Garrulax squamatus
Variegated Laughingthrush Garrulax variegatus
Black-faced Laughingthrush Garrulax affinis
Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush Garrulax erythrocephalus
Red-faced Liocichla Liocichla phoenicea
Abbott's Babbler Malacocincla abbotti
Puff-throated Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps
Spot-breasted Scimitar-Babbler Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis
Rusty-cheeked Scimitar-Babbler Pomatorhinus erythrogenys
White-browed Scimitar-Babbler Pomatorhinus schisticeps
Streak-breasted Scimitar-Babbler Pomatorhinus ruficollis
Coral-billed Scimitar-Babbler Pomatorhinus ferruginosus
Slender-billed Scimitar-Babbler Xiphirhynchus superciliaris
Long-billed Wren-Babbler Rimator malacoptilus
Scaly-breasted Wren-Babbler Pnoepyga albiventer
Immaculate Wren-Babbler Pnoepyga immaculata (E)
Pygmy Wren-Babbler Pnoepyga pusilla
Rufous-throated Wren-Babbler Spelaeornis caudatus
Spotted Wren-Babbler Spelaeornis formosus
Rufous-capped Babbler Stachyris ruficeps
Black-chinned Babbler Stachyris pyrrhops
Golden Babbler Stachyris chrysaea
Gray-throated Babbler Stachyris nigriceps
Tawny-bellied Babbler Dumetia hyperythra
Striped Tit-Babbler Macronous gularis
Chestnut-capped Babbler Timalia pileata
Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense
Jerdon's Babbler Chrysomma altirostre
Spiny Babbler Turdoides nipalensis (E)
Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus
Striated Babbler Turdoides earlei
Slender-billed Babbler Turdoides longirostris
Large Gray Babbler Turdoides malcolmi
Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus
Silver-eared Mesia Leiothrix argentauris
Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea
Cutia Cutia nipalensis
Black-headed Shrike-Babbler Pteruthius rufiventer
White-browed Shrike-Babbler Pteruthius flaviscapis
Green Shrike-Babbler Pteruthius xanthochlorus
Black-eared Shrike-Babbler Pteruthius melanotis
White-hooded Babbler Gampsorhynchus rufulus
Rusty-fronted Barwing Actinodura egertoni
Hoary-throated Barwing Actinodura nipalensis
Blue-winged Minla Minla cyanouroptera
Chestnut-tailed Minla Minla strigula
Red-tailed Minla Minla ignotincta
Golden-breasted Fulvetta Alcippe chrysotis
Yellow-throated Fulvetta Alcippe cinerea
Rufous-winged Fulvetta Alcippe castaneceps
White-browed Fulvetta Alcippe vinipectus
Nepal Fulvetta Alcippe nipalensis
Rufous-backed Sibia Heterophasia annectens
Rufous Sibia Heterophasia capistrata
Long-tailed Sibia Heterophasia picaoides
White-naped Yuhina Yuhina bakeri
Whiskered Yuhina Yuhina flavicollis
Stripe-throated Yuhina Yuhina gularis
Rufous-vented Yuhina Yuhina occipitalis
Black-chinned Yuhina Yuhina nigrimenta
White-bellied Yuhina Yuhina zantholeuca
Fire-tailed Myzornis Myzornis pyrrhoura

[edit] Parrotbills
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paradoxornithidae
The parrotbills are a group of birds native to East and Southeast Asia, though feral populations are known from elsewhere. They are generally small, long-tailed birds which inhabit reedbeds and similar habitats. There are 20 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Nepal.
Great Parrotbill Conostoma oemodium
Brown Parrotbill Paradoxornis unicolor
Gray-headed Parrotbill Paradoxornis gularis
Black-breasted Parrotbill Paradoxornis flavirostris
Fulvous Parrotbill Paradoxornis fulvifrons
Black-throated Parrotbill Paradoxornis nipalensis
Rufous-headed Parrotbill Paradoxornis ruficeps

[edit] Long-tailed tits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet that includes insects. There are 9 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Nepal.
Black-throated Tit Aegithalos concinnus
White-throated Tit Aegithalos niveogularis
Black-browed Tit Aegithalos iouschistos

[edit] Chickadees and Titmice
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. There are species 59 worldwide and 12 species which occur in Nepal.
Coal Tit Periparus ater
Black-breasted Tit Periparus rufonuchalis
Rufous-vented Tit Periparus rubidiventris
Black-crested Tit Periparus melanolophus
Gray-crested Tit Lophophanes dichrous
Great Tit Parus major
Green-backed Tit Parus monticolus
Black-lored Tit Parus xanthogenys
Yellow-cheeked Tit Parus spilonotus
Yellow-browed Tit Sylviparus modestus
Sultan Tit Melanochlora sultanea
Ground Tit Pseudopodoces humilis

[edit] Nuthatches
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. There are 24 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Nepal.
Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch Sitta castanea
Kashmir Nuthatch Sitta cashmirensis
White-tailed Nuthatch Sitta himalayensis
White-cheeked Nuthatch Sitta leucopsis
Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis

[edit] Wallcreeper
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tichodromidae
The Wallcreeper is a small bird with stunning crimson, grey and black plumage, related to the nuthatch family.
Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria

[edit] Treecreepers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. There are 6 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris
Bar-tailed Treecreeper Certhia himalayana
Rusty-flanked Treecreeper Certhia nipalensis
Brown-throated Treecreeper Certhia discolor

[edit] Penduline tits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds, related to the true tits. They are insectivores. There are 13 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Fire-capped Tit Cephalopyrus flammiceps

[edit] Sunbirds and Spiderhunters
Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae
The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. There are 131 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Nepal.
Ruby-cheeked Sunbird Chalcoparia singalensis
Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus
Gould's Sunbird Aethopyga gouldiae
Green-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga nipalensis
Black-throated Sunbird Aethopyga saturata
Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja
Fire-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga ignicauda
Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra
Streaked Spiderhunter Arachnothera magna

[edit] Flowerpeckers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicaeidae
The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues. There are 44 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Nepal.
Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile
Yellow-vented Flowerpecker Dicaeum chrysorrheum
Yellow-bellied Flowerpecker Dicaeum melanoxanthum
Pale-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
Plain Flowerpecker Dicaeum concolor
Fire-breasted Flowerpecker Dicaeum ignipectus
Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker Dicaeum cruentatum

[edit] White-eyes
Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small and are mostly of undistinguished appearance, the plumage above being generally either some dull color like greenish olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests many species have a white ring around the eyes. There are 96 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus

[edit] Old World Orioles
Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World Orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. There are 29 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Nepal.
Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus
Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis
Slender-billed Oriole Oriolus tenuirostris
Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus
Maroon Oriole Oriolus traillii

[edit] Fairy-bluebirds
Order: Passeriformes Family: Irenidae
The Fairy-bluebirds are bubbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Asian Fairy-bluebird Irena puella

[edit] Shrikes
Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. There are 31 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Nepal.
Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio
Rufous-tailed Shrike Lanius isabellinus (A)
Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus
Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus
Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach
Gray-backed Shrike Lanius tephronotus
Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor
Southern Gray Shrike Lanius meridionalis

[edit] Helmetshrikes
Order: Passeriformes Family: Prionopidae
The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name. There are 12 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Nepal.
Large Woodshrike Tephrodornis gularis
Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus

[edit] Drongos
Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly are black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright whilst perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. There are 24 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Nepal.
Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus
Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus
White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens
Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans
Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus
Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus remifer
Hair-crested Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus
Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus

[edit] Woodswallows
Order: Passeriformes Family: Artamidae
The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings. There are 11 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Nepal.
Ashy Woodswallow Artamus fuscus

[edit] Crows, Jays, Ravens and Magpies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The Corvidae family includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size for the bird order Passeriformes. Some of the larger species show high levels of learning behavior. There are 120 species worldwide and 16 species which occur in Nepal.
Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius
Black-headed Jay Garrulus lanceolatus
Gold-billed Magpie Urocissa flavirostris
Blue Magpie Urocissa erythrorhyncha
Green Magpie Cissa chinensis
Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda
Gray Treepie Dendrocitta formosae
Collared Treepie Dendrocitta frontalis
Eurasian Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes
Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Yellow-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus
Eurasian Jackdaw Corvus monedula
Daurian Jackdaw Corvus dauuricus
House Crow Corvus splendens
Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos
Common Raven Corvus corax

[edit] Starlings
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct, and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. There are 125 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Nepal.
Spot-winged Starling Saroglossa spiloptera
Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa
Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus
Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus
Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
Asian Pied Starling Gracupica contra
Daurian Starling Sturnia sturnina (A)
Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnia malabarica
Brahminy Starling Temenuchus pagodarum
Rosy Starling Pastor roseus (A)
European Starling Sturnus vulgaris

[edit] Weavers and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. There are 116 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Nepal.
Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar
Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus
Yellow Weaver Ploceus megarhynchus (A)
Bengal Weaver Ploceus benghalensis

[edit] Waxbills and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colours and pattern. There are 141 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Nepal.
Red Avadavat Amandava amandava
White-throated Munia Euodice malabarica
White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata
Nutmeg Mannikin Lonchura punctulata
Black-headed Munia Lonchura malacca
Chestnut Munia Lonchura atricapilla

[edit] Buntings, Sparrows, Seedeaters and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with a distinctively shaped bill. In Europe, most species are named as buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as Sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. There are species 275 worldwide and 16 species which occur in Nepal.
Crested Bunting Melophus lathami
Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella
Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos
Rock Bunting Emberiza cia
Godlewski's Bunting Emberiza godlewskii
Chestnut-breasted Bunting Emberiza stewarti (A)
Chestnut-eared Bunting Emberiza fucata
Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla
Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica (A)
Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola
Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila (A)
Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala (A)
Red-headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps (A)
Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala
Pallas's Bunting Emberiza pallasi (A)
Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus (A)

[edit] Siskins, Crossbills and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and 9 primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are 137 species worldwide and 37 species which occur in Nepal.
Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs
Brambling Fringilla montifringilla
Plain Mountain-Finch Leucosticte nemoricola
Black-headed Mountain-Finch Leucosticte brandti
Crimson-browed Finch Pinicola subhimachalus
Blanford's Rosefinch Carpodacus rubescens
Dark-breasted Rosefinch Carpodacus nipalensis
Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus
Beautiful Rosefinch Carpodacus pulcherrimus
Pink-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus rhodochrous
Vinaceous Rosefinch Carpodacus vinaceus
Dark-rumped Rosefinch Carpodacus edwardsii
Three-banded Rosefinch Carpodacus trifasciatus
Spot-winged Rosefinch Carpodacus rhodopeplus
White-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus thura
Streaked Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilloides
Great Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla
Red-fronted Rosefinch Carpodacus puniceus
Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra
Yellow-breasted Greenfinch Carduelis spinoides
Eurasian Siskin Carduelis spinus (A)
European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis
Twite Carduelis flavirostris
Eurasian Linnet Carduelis cannabina (A)
Fire-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus
Tibetan Serin Serinus thibetanus
Brown Bullfinch Pyrrhula nipalensis
Red-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythrocephala
Gray-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythaca
Black-and-yellow Grosbeak Mycerobas icterioides
Collared Grosbeak Mycerobas affinis
Spot-winged Grosbeak Mycerobas melanozanthos
White-winged Grosbeak Mycerobas carnipes
Gold-naped Finch Pyrrhoplectes epauletta
Spectacled Finch Callacanthis burtoni
Mongolian Finch Rhodopechys mongolica (A)
Scarlet Finch Haematospiza sipahi

[edit] Sparrows
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters, and they also consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Nepal.
House Sparrow Passer domesticus
Spanish Sparrow Passer hispaniolensis (A)
Russet Sparrow Passer rutilans (A)
Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus
Chestnut-shouldered Petronia Petronia xanthocollis
Black-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla adamsi
White-rumped Snowfinch Montifringilla taczanowskii
Rufous-necked Snowfinch Montifringilla ruficollis
Blanford's Snowfinch Montifringilla blanfordi

[edit] See also
List of birds
Lists of birds by region

[edit] References
Lepage, Denis. "Checklist of birds of Nepal". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase. Retrieved on 27 April, 2007.
Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: a Checklist. Cornell University Press, 880. ISBN 0934797161.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Nepal"
Categories: Lists of birds by country Birds of Nepal